"方法部分的"足够细节"标准。" 问自己："一个同行能否根据我的描述，独立复现这项研究？" 如果答案是"不能"，说明细节不够。具体标准：①样本：谁？多少？从哪来？怎么筛的？②材料/工具：什么问卷？什么设备？什么软件版本？③程序：步骤1、步骤2、步骤3... ④分析：用了什么模型？什么软件？什么参数设置？每个选择都要"可复现"。

"方法部分的"决策透明"。" 每个方法选择背后都有"为什么"。透明化：①样本量确定："We conducted a power analysis (G*Power 3.1) with α = 0.05, power = 0.80, and expected effect size d = 0.30, yielding a target sample of N = 176 per group." ②缺失值处理："Cases with more than 20% missing data were excluded (n = 12). Remaining missing values were handled via multiple imputation (m = 20 datasets)." ③异常值处理："Values exceeding 3 SDs from the mean were winsorized." ④模型选择："We compared OLS, robust regression, and quantile regression. OLS was selected based on residual diagnostics."

"方法部分的"预注册"声明。" 如果你的研究做了预注册（Pre-registration），在方法部分明确说明：①注册平台和时间："This study was pre-registered on OSF (osf.io/xxxx) on March 15, 2024, prior to data collection." ②注册内容："The pre-registration specified the sample size, exclusion criteria, primary outcome, and analysis plan." ③偏离声明（如有）："One deviation from the pre-registration: we added a moderation analysis post-hoc after observing an unexpected interaction pattern." 预注册是方法透明度的"黄金标准"，审稿人非常看重。

"方法部分的"代码可用性"声明。" 现代论文越来越要求在方法部分说明代码/数据的可获取性：①代码公开："The analysis code (R scripts) is available at [GitHub link]." ②数据公开："The anonymized dataset is deposited at [Zenodo/Dryad link], DOI: xx.xxxx/zenodo.xxxxx." ③受限数据："Due to ethical restrictions, the raw data cannot be publicly shared. Researchers may request access by contacting the corresponding author." ④代码版本："All analyses were conducted in R 4.3.1. The R environment is archived via renv and available at [link]."

"方法部分的"常见灾难"。" ①"我们用了问卷调查法"→ 太笼统。什么问卷？多少题？几点量表？谁来施测？怎么回收的？②"数据经过清洗"→ 怎么清洗的？删了谁？怎么处理的缺失值？③"采用SPSS进行分析"→ 哪个版本？什么显著性水平？什么检验方法？④"实验流程如通常一样"→ 没有"通常"这种事。审稿人不是你肚子里的蛔虫。⑤"详见附录"→ 如果方法描述全扔到附录里，正文方法部分就形同虚设。正文必须有足够细节，附录只放补充材料。

"方法部分的"足够细节"标准。" 问自己："一个同行能否根据我的描述，独立复现这项研究？" 如果答案是"不能"，说明细节不够。具体标准：①样本：谁？多少？从哪来？怎么筛的？②材料/工具：什么问卷？什么设备？什么软件版本？③程序：步骤1、步骤2、步骤3... ④分析：用了什么模型？什么软件？什么参数设置？每个选择都要"可复现"。

"方法部分的"决策透明"。" 每个方法选择背后都有"为什么"。透明化：①样本量确定："We conducted a power analysis (G*Power 3.1) with α = 0.05, power = 0.80, and expected effect size d = 0.30, yielding a target sample of N = 176 per group." ②缺失值处理："Cases with more than 20% missing data were excluded (n = 12). Remaining missing values were handled via multiple imputation (m = 20 datasets)." ③异常值处理："Values exceeding 3 SDs from the mean were winsorized." ④模型选择："We compared OLS, robust regression, and quantile regression. OLS was selected based on residual diagnostics."

"方法部分的"预注册"声明。" 如果你的研究做了预注册（Pre-registration），在方法部分明确说明：①注册平台和时间："This study was pre-registered on OSF (osf.io/xxxx) on March 15, 2024, prior to data collection." ②注册内容："The pre-registration specified the sample size, exclusion criteria, primary outcome, and analysis plan." ③偏离声明（如有）："One deviation from the pre-registration: we added a moderation analysis post-hoc after observing an unexpected interaction pattern." 预注册是方法透明度的"黄金标准"，审稿人非常看重。

"方法部分的"代码可用性"声明。" 现代论文越来越要求在方法部分说明代码/数据的可获取性：①代码公开："The analysis code (R scripts) is available at [GitHub link]." ②数据公开："The anonymized dataset is deposited at [Zenodo/Dryad link], DOI: xx.xxxx/zenodo.xxxxx." ③受限数据："Due to ethical restrictions, the raw data cannot be publicly shared. Researchers may request access by contacting the corresponding author." ④代码版本："All analyses were conducted in R 4.3.1. The R environment is archived via renv and available at [link]."

"方法部分的"常见灾难"。" ①"我们用了问卷调查法"→ 太笼统。什么问卷？多少题？几点量表？谁来施测？怎么回收的？②"数据经过清洗"→ 怎么清洗的？删了谁？怎么处理的缺失值？③"采用SPSS进行分析"→ 哪个版本？什么显著性水平？什么检验方法？④"实验流程如通常一样"→ 没有"通常"这种事。审稿人不是你肚子里的蛔虫。⑤"详见附录"→ 如果方法描述全扔到附录里，正文方法部分就形同虚设。正文必须有足够细节，附录只放补充材料。